Pool Water Isn’t the Main Infection Risk
Swimming pools are generally considered safe when properly maintained, but the greatest risk of fungal infection may come not from the water itself, but from the damp surfaces surrounding the pool and changing rooms.
Public health consultant Dr Kawthar Al Eid said properly disinfected pool water is unlikely to transmit fungal infections. Instead, infections are more commonly picked up through bare feet on wet floors, shared towels and slippers, contaminated surfaces and prolonged moisture on the skin, particularly between the toes.
The distinction is important because it shifts attention from the pool water to hygiene practices and how swimming facilities are managed.
A properly disinfected and well-maintained pool carries a very low risk of infection, Dr Al Eid said. However, the risk can increase when disinfection is inadequate, chlorine or pH levels fall outside required limits, or people enter the water while carrying an infection.
Common illnesses associated with swimming environments include fungal skin infections, outer ear infections caused by water remaining trapped in the ear canal, and folliculitis. The latter is often linked to the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa and can appear as itchy red spots on the skin.
Red eyes are also frequently reported by swimmers. While they can be caused by infection, they may also result from irritation associated with chlorine or poor water quality.
Everyday behaviour can also influence the risk.
Entering the pool without showering first, swimming while suffering from diarrhoea or an infectious skin condition, walking barefoot around shared facilities, sharing towels, swallowing pool water and failing to dry properly can all increase the chances of infection.
Children require additional attention, including the use of swim nappies where appropriate.
Simple precautions can significantly reduce the risks. Swimmers should shower with soap before and after entering the pool, wear sandals around the pool area and changing rooms, and dry themselves thoroughly, especially between the toes.
Towels should never be shared, while anyone who is unwell should stay out of the water. Swimmers should also avoid swallowing pool water, cover cuts with waterproof dressings and use goggles when appropriate.
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